John knox (v.1513-1572)
Par : Janton Pierre
Collection : Histoire hors collection
Editeur : Editions Du Cerf
Numéro de produit : 9782204123709
ISBN : 9782204123709
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Théoricien de la démocratie, pionnier de l'instruction obligatoire et figure majeure de la littérature écossaise, John Knox est l'instaurateur du calvinisme en Écosse et aussi un des premiers artisans de l'union de son pays avec l'Angleterre. L'existence dramatique de ce clerc d'humble origine se déroule sous le signe de l'opposition et du combat. Il entre en scène l'épée à la main, accepte contre son gré la vocation de prédicateur dans une forteresse assiégée, passe dix-neuf mois aux galères, prêche à la soldatesque comme à la cour, échappe aux tueurs et au bûcher et, même exilé, il est encore obligé de fuir. Il se marie en dépit de la belle-famille, invente l'agit-prop depuis la France, transforme une émeute en révolution, dresse contre lui trois reines, en fait pleurer une, organise la démocratie dans l'Église d'Écosse, épouse à cinquante ans une héritière de dix-sept ans, survit à une guerre civile, meurt et devient un mythe tantôt vénéré, tantôt détesté. Pourtant, il avait choisi l'effacement et la vie intérieure, et c'est de sa spiritualité que se nourrissent ses combats pour la réforme de l'Église, mais aussi contre la tyrannie, la corruption et l'ignorance. Les idoles qu'il combat ne sont pas seulement les dogmes controversés, mais les prétentions de l'orgueil et de l'égoïsme chez les grands comme chez les humbles. Maintenant qu'ont prévalu ses principes de justice et d'égalité, c'est surtout par son expérience spirituelle qu'il touche le lecteur croyant ou non et qu'il atteint à la permanence de la foi qui, selon lui, constitue l'Église dans son développement historique depuis Abraham et les Prophètes. Sa connaissance des hommes, son expérience de la souffrance et son courage, malgré sa faiblesse ou grâce à elle, en font un des réformateurs les plus attachants.
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John Knox, theoretician of democracy, pioneer of compulsory education and major figure of Scottish literature, was the founder of Calvinism in Scotland and one of the first architects of the union of his country with England. The dramatic life of this cleric of humble origins was marked by opposition and combat. He entered the world sword in hand, reluctantly accepted the vocation of preacher in a besieged fortress, spent nineteen months in the galleys, preached to both soldiers and monarchs, evaded killers and being burned at the stake and was still obliged to flee, even in exile. He married, despite opposition from his wife's family, invented agitprop while in France, transformed a riot into a revolution, stood up to three queens - reducing one of them to tears - introduced democracy into the Church of Scotland, married a seventeen-year-old heiress when he was fifty, survived a civil war, died and became a myth venerated by some and despised by others. Yet he chose to suppress his inner life and it was his spirituality that fired his struggles to reform the Church and combat tyranny, corruption and ignorance. He attacked not only the idols of controversial dogmata, but also pride and selfishness in the highest and the lowest in the land. Now that his principles of justice and equality have prevailed, it is mainly through his spiritual life that he affects readers, whether believers or non-believers, and achieves that durability of faith which, to him, constitutes the Church in its historical development since Abraham and the Prophets. His understanding of men, his experience of suffering and his courage - despite his shortcomings or thanks to them - make him one of the most engaging among the Reformers.
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John Knox, theoretician of democracy, pioneer of compulsory education and major figure of Scottish literature, was the founder of Calvinism in Scotland and one of the first architects of the union of his country with England. The dramatic life of this cleric of humble origins was marked by opposition and combat. He entered the world sword in hand, reluctantly accepted the vocation of preacher in a besieged fortress, spent nineteen months in the galleys, preached to both soldiers and monarchs, evaded killers and being burned at the stake and was still obliged to flee, even in exile. He married, despite opposition from his wife's family, invented agitprop while in France, transformed a riot into a revolution, stood up to three queens - reducing one of them to tears - introduced democracy into the Church of Scotland, married a seventeen-year-old heiress when he was fifty, survived a civil war, died and became a myth venerated by some and despised by others. Yet he chose to suppress his inner life and it was his spirituality that fired his struggles to reform the Church and combat tyranny, corruption and ignorance. He attacked not only the idols of controversial dogmata, but also pride and selfishness in the highest and the lowest in the land. Now that his principles of justice and equality have prevailed, it is mainly through his spiritual life that he affects readers, whether believers or non-believers, and achieves that durability of faith which, to him, constitutes the Church in its historical development since Abraham and the Prophets. His understanding of men, his experience of suffering and his courage - despite his shortcomings or thanks to them - make him one of the most engaging among the Reformers.